Introduction soil erosion is the single major process responsible for the loss of billion tonnes of soils worldwide. Gully erosion, the most impressive and striking erosion type, has been recognized as one of the major global environmental problems. Implications for sustainable development in agriculture and environment in south east, nigeria 162 geared towards organized and meaningful interpretation of any agricultural and related issues on environment. The universal soil loss equation usle predicts the longterm average annual rate of erosion on a field slope based on rainfall pattern, soil type, topography, crop system and management practices. Soil erosion in the sahel has been studied since the 1930s. Gully types, modes and conditions of formation and common advance mechanism. Lukes hospital gully erosion site, uyo lga, akwa ibom state final report ii 2. Nigeria erosion and watershed management project news. Erosion has hampered economic activities and at the same time devastated the lives of people. Nigeria erosion and watershed management project newmap. It is an ecological, environmental, economic, and humanitarian disaster resulting in land degradation, loss of lives, and properties worth millions of dollars. It is the fairly uniform removal of soil in thin layers from the land surface, often scarcely perceptible, especially when caused by wind. Data was collected in 2009 and 2010 and was used to develop a dimensionless model for predicting furrow irrigationinduced erosion fiie using the dimensional analyses approach considering stream size, furrow length, furrow width, soil infiltration rate, hydraulic shear stress, soil erodibility, and. Gully erosion is one of the most visible environmental problems globally, in africa and in parts of nigeria in particular.
Soil erosion is a growing problem in nigeria, particularly in southeastern nigeria. Amongst the materials usually conveyed are loosed soil particles, nutrients, plants and crops residues to mention a few. Gullies of about 120m depth and 2km width have been recorded in this area. Impact of erosion on selected soil structural indices of four. Overview of the anthropogenic causes of soil erosion in. Nigerian erosion and watershed management project newmap. Soil erosion is a natural erosion process that is enhanced by human activity richter 1998 and occurs in all landscapes and under different land uses. This is particularly worrisome since, according to the uns food and agriculture organization, some 83% of subsaharan african people depend on the land for their livelihood, and food production in africa will have to increase almost 100. Erosion has rendered many homeless and made areas of fertile land useless while still. Soil erosion and deforestation are the main forms of land degradation responsible for the decline in land productivity in turn reducing income of farm households in ethiopia. The management of coastal zone erosion in nigeria sciencedirect. Resolving the gully erosion problem in southeastern nigeria.
Soil erosion is also a complex process that depends on soil properties, ground slope, vegetation and rainfall amount and intensity, iorkua and kerenku, 2007. Nigeria s oil price budget benchmark has already been blown out of the water several times this year. Edeani2 1, 2department of geology and mining, enugu state university of science and technology, p. The importance, how to, effect causes relationship, comparison, history, role, solutions are discussed. Soil physicochemical properties as affected by flood and. Introduction gully erosion is a worldwide phenomenon. The nigeria erosion and watershed management project newmap has distributed 64,000 hybrid economic tree seedlings to communities in maiadua and zango local government areas of katsina state. Soil physical conditions in nigerian savannas and biomass production 365 the savannas of nigeria and agricultural production nigeria is located in the tropical zone between latitude 4o and 14on, and longitude 2oe, with a vast area having savanna vegetation figure 1. Since, water is viewed as an indispensable natural. Erosion problems in nigeria cannot be checked overnight, especially these days when the country is facing severe problems.
Seasonally, figures put active erosion sites in imo and anambra states to about 1. Participatory management practices for sustainable soil. The objective of the erosion and watershed management project for nigeria is to reduce vulnerability to soil erosion in targeted subwatersheds. Farmers perception constitutes effective approach towards the right of people to. Coastal and marine erosion and subsidence occur particularly in the coastal areas of ogun, ondo, delta, rivers, bayelsa, akwa ibom and cross river states. Soil erosion is perhaps the most serious mechanism of land degradation in the tropics elswaify, et al. We make available the scoreboard for soil erosion indicators including sdg soil erosion indicator, cap context indicator.
In the northern axis of nigeria, erosion is equally serious especially in. Gully erosion is however the most prominent feature in the landscape of southeastern. However, gully is visually the most impressive of all types of erosion elswaify, 1990. Degraded soil diminishes food production and leads to soil erosion, which in turn contributes to desertification. An erosion gully site in ankpa the ankpa metropolis and environs is one of the areas of southeastern nigeria that have been ravaged by severe gully erosion. It is a known fact that anambra state is one of the most ecologically damaged states in nigeria. Evaluating soil erosion in the benin metropolis, edo state. In this study the environmental impacts of the gully erosion were investigated and remedies are being suggested to arrest andor minimize the menace. Nigeria erosion and watershed management project english. Pollution, environment, waste management, introduction. Eko atlantic city development, lagos, nigeria shoreline protection, land reclamation and itys master planning code sap pngj00003 country nigeria category 1 department picu division picu4 1. Indigenous approach to soil erosion control in the southwest nigeria fig working week 2012 knowing to manage the territory, protect the environment, evaluate the cultural heritage rome, italy, 6 10 may, 2012 1. Soil erosion due to climateinduced flooding constitutes the major ecological challenge of the state.
Sheet erosion soil erosion is characterised by the downslope removal of soil particles within a thin sheet of water. The first is that present control measures are not entirely satisfactory in particular, a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms of different kinds of gullies is. Assessment of environmental impacts and remedies for gully. The topography, geology, nature and texture of soil, vegetation. The government of nigeria is implementing the multisectoral nigeria erosion and watershed management project newmap, financed by the world bank, global environment facility, the special climate change fund, and the government of nigeria. Arigbo department of rural sociology and extension, michael okpara university of agriculture, umudike, p. Erosion in anambra stateopinion the guardian nigeria news. Causes of soil erosion erosion occurs when farming practices are not compatible with the fact that soil can be washed away or blown away. Many states in nigeria are currently under the threats of this phenomenal process, southeastern part of the country being the most affected. Evaluating soil erosion in the benin metropolis, edo state, nigeria eseigbe joseph omon and gbakeji julius ogheneruemusua department of geography and regional planning, ambrose alli university, ekpoma, edo state, nigeria. It also proposes specific and multidisciplinary approach to gully erosion control that will stand the test of time. As of 2005, nigeria has the highest rate of deforestation in the world according to the food and agriculture organization of the united nations fao. The newmap is aimed at reducing vulnerability to soil erosion in targeted subcatchments.
Gully erosion in anambra state, south east nigeria. Erosion is the detachment, transportation and deposition of soil and other materials often at where they are not needed egbai et al. Estimation of soil erosion risk in mubi south watershed, adamawa. In the selection of site for building a house, higher percentage 47%, 40%, 53% and 50% for nkrankwanta, asankragua, mampong and agona respectively of the respondents considered no factor.
The purpose of this paper was to determine the geotechnical properties soils in gully erosion sites the study area and. Farmers perception of soil erosion control measures. Soil degradationinduced decline in productivity of sub. Anambra is famous with its agulunankaokoekwulobia gullies. Share of upland rice areas in nigeria production systems major states covered estimated share of national rice area % average yield tonneha share of rice production % rainfed upland benue, delta, edo, ekiti, kaduna, kebbi, kogi, kwara, niger, ogun, ondo. There is no issue in greater contention in nigeria now than the environment. Nigeria erosion and watershed management project newmap project summary. This report provides a summary of the ldn target setting process in nigeria. The highest concentration of severe gully erosion in nigeria is found in five eastern states of anambra, enugu, abia, imo, and akwa ibom. A recent publication proposes the use of those indicators for agricultural, environmental, climate policies. Relationship between soil erodibility, rainfall erosivity and. Only few of them con sidered factors as, soil type and slope table 3. Control arable land, fallowed floodplain, cultivated floodplain and erosion. Abstract the susceptibility of some soils in the high rainfall zone of nigeria to soil erosion must be measured regularly for better soil.
As of 2005, the unfao graded nigeria as having the highest deforestation rate in the world, with about 55. Forest has been cleared for logging, timber export, subsistence agriculture and notably the collection of. In these areas, soil erosion is due mainly to the action of flood or running waters nwafor, j. T value tolerable erosion equilibrium between soil gains and losses.
Pdf assessment of soil erosion using rusle2 model and gis in upper ebonyi river watershed, enugu state, nigeria kingsley nnaemeka ogbu academia. Crop yields are, in addition to the degree of past and current erosion, determined by a number of interacting variables. Geotechnical assessment of gully erosion at ankpa area, north central nigeria 1umoru charles ile, 2shuaibu ahmed mahi, 3abdullahi idris nda and 4umar m. Page 1 of 11 gully erosion and landslides in southeastern nigeria. This is to say clearly why soil erosion is a stress on soil resource, which has some far reaching consequences on man and his environment. Erosion is one of the surface processes that sculpture the earths landscape and constitutes one of the global environmental problems. The concrete dams built at several locations to check the erosion by the colonial office in 1945 could not withstand the weathesing effects of the slightly acidic groundwater and were weakened and destroyed. Bush burning involves the removal of forest by using fire to burn out the existing vegetation. Water erosion water erosion causes two sets of problems. Gully erosion sites in urualla, imo state, nigeria d. Drought, desertification and the nigerian environment.
While it remains true that nigeria is governed by democratically elected. The topography of the area, in addition to the soil type. Abstract to combat soil erosion in the northern part of taraba state, nigeria, farmers are of major importance. The attention of the authorities is usually drawn to a ravaged area only when the effects of erosion and gulling have assumed catastrophic proportions. Accepted 2 september, 20 when the natural environment is threatened by erosion, biotic life, food security, and indeed all aspects. Farmer perception of soil erosion and investment in soil. This is because whereas all the other three disasters lead to flight from the area, hunger and death, only gully erosion leads, in addition, to the disappearance of land itself. The base erosion and profit shifting beps project, an initiative of the organization for economic cooperation and development oecd and the g20 nations was launched in 20 to address the issues of profit shifting and tax avoidance by multinational enterprises mnes. In miami beach, for example, despite the provision of a great number of steel groynes and vertical seawall, for millions of dollars, erosion still continues. Introduction the spate of land degradation through soil erosion is of great concern in south east nigeria. Assessment of soil erosion and sediment yield in furrow irrigation is limited in samaruzaria. Status and challenges of soil management in nigeria. To reduce vulnerability to soil erosion in targeted subwatersheds.
An assessment of the socio economic impacts of soil erosion in southeastern nigeria shaping the change xxiii fig congress munich, germany, october 8, 2006 215 while there is need to control the degree of environmental abuse by house builders and construction firms in the area, the study concluded that local and national governments, as. Implications for sustainable development in agriculture and environment in south east, nigeria 163 table 1 percentage distribution of respondents according to socioeconomic characteristics. A paper presented at shapin g the change xxiii fig congress munich, germany, october 8, 2006 pp. The countries of subsaharan africa are besieged by serious environmental degradation resulting in desert encroachment, draught and soil erosion due to. In nigeria, world bank 10 estimated that soil erosion affects over. Nigeria erosion and watershed management project english abstract. The paper recommends that the issue of environment and sustainable development should be everybodys concern, individuals, cooperate bodies must develop interest and do more to safegua leave behind a better future for posterity to inherit. Once this nutrientrich layer is gone, few plants will grow in the soil again. Redistribution of soil by erosion and deposition is the result of perturbation and a natural landscape. This study focused on the estimation of the rate of soil erosion and soil loss potential using revised universal soil loss equation rusle2 and arcgis in the upper. Department of history and international studies, ekiti state university, adoekiti, ekiti state, nigeria abstract the purpose of this paper is to attempt a critical appraisal of the pace, practise, pattern, priorities, problems and prospects of nigerian democracy.
In nigeria, there are natural and anthropogenic calamities of different types, magnitudes and frequencies, hence, the focus of much attention on environmental concern. Without soil and plants the land becomes desertlike and unable to support life. Pdf assessment of soil erosion using rusle2 model and. In southeastern nigeria, ofomata found that there is a positive relationship between relief and soil erosion while in southwestern nigeria, lal observed an increased severity of soil erosion as the slope changed from 5 to 15%. Geotechnical investigation of soil around mbaukwu gully. Accepted 3 march, 2014 this research study examined the menace of soil erosion in the benin metropolis. In southeastern nigeria, soil and gully erosion and landslides are responsible for the widespread destructions of human, animal and plant lives. Erosion sensitivity assessment of communities in owerri. Precipitates of iron sulphide, gypsum and sulphur are widespread. Gully erosion and landslides in southeastern nigeria. Anambra state is located in the southeastern part of nigeria. Get free research paper on effects of soil erosion on settlement in agbor, delta state nigeria our project topics and materials are suitable for students in nigeria with case studies in pdf, doc. Erosion preceded by the destruction of the crumb structure due to the impact of falling raindrop on the surface of soil is termed as splash erosion.
There are prominent erosion sites in nigeria especially in the east and south, august, 2019 the human trol t is generally clear that the a increases, the more the ea increases, especially if the population are not. A adebayo abstract erosion is an ecological problem and a major cause of environmental degradation especially in the developing countries of the world. How coronavirus and the global oil price war can impact. Modelling furrow irrigationinduced erosion on a sandy loam. The paper provides an insight into the problem of land degradation in subsaharan africa, with emphasis on soil erosion and its effect on soil quality and productivity, and proposes a lowlandbased riceproduction technology for coping with the situation. Soil erosion caused by water is triggered by a complex interaction process of many factors such as natural climate, topography, soil, vegetation and anthropogenic tillage systems, soil conservation measures, overgrazing and deforestation 1. Increase soil erosion the nigerian environment and extent of desertification nigeria is located approximately between latitudes 4o and 14o north of the equator and between longitudes 2o 2 and 14o 30 east of the greenwich meridian. Gullies and areas exposed to erosion in southeastern nigeria. The estimated number of gullies in the country is at 3,000.
Effect of crop cover on soil susceptibility to erosion in. Active gully erosion sites across the country are put at 2000 sites jaiyebo, 2002. On a 15% slope he recorded a total soil loss of 230 thayr from bare plots as against soil loss of 11. Nigeria final report of the land degradation neutrality.
The effects of gully erosion on infrastructural facilities. U 1 geology department federal university of technology, minna nigeria 2geology department federal university of gusau, zamfara state, nigeria. Soil physical conditions in nigerian savannas and biomass. Also, problems of widespread sheet wash erosion explain the failure of agricultural activities. Materials and method the experiment was designed as a split plot factorial in completely randomized design with location being the main plot 4 locations and soil status as the subplot i. There are prominent erosion sites in nigeria especially in the east and south, august, 2019 the human trol t is generally clear that the a increases, the more the ea increases, especially if. The most significant case of coastal erosion and flooding is the overflow of the bar beach of the. Gully erosion, environmental hazard, climate, geology, nigeria 1.
An assessment of the socio economic impacts of soil erosion. Environmental pollution and sustainable development in nigeria. The nigeria gully erosion crisis has been ongoing since before 1980, and affects communities large and small. Fed govt to investigate death of 26 nigerian migrants. Socioeconomic characteristics frequency n 240 percentages % age yrs. This paper assesses soil erosion research in the west africansahelatanumberoflevels. Usle only predicts the amount of soil loss that results from sheet or rill erosion on a single slope and does not account for additional soil. Gully erosion in the agulunanka region of anambra state. Beside the influence of human activities, soil erosion processes are also caused by morphometric characteristics of the land surface, the erosive force of rainfall and the erodibility of soil. Geotechnical assessment of gully erosion at ankpa area. Oyegun department of geography, university of port harcourt, pmb 5323, port harcourt, nigeria received 26 august 1989. Causes, consequences and control measures boniface ce egboka1, akudo ernest orji2 and hycienth o nwankwoala3 1department of geological sciences, nnamdi azikiwe university, nigeria 2department of geological sciences, federal university gusau, zamfara state, nigeria 3department of geology, faculty of science, university of. Erodibility of soils of the upper rainforest zone, southeastern nigeria.
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